Vigorously developing rural sports is an important content of socialist new rural construction and it is the only way for China to move forward from a sport giant to a sport power.The efficiency of the rural public sports service will directly affect the rise and fall of the rural sports development.How to improve China's rural public sports service ability and efficiency is an important subject of sports work in the new period.From an objective perspective,this article surveys the current situation of rural public sports service demand,the existing problems and the influencing factors.And through empirical study for the foreign public sports service,the authors also explore the supply-side reform and the way of governance of China's rural public sports service from an international angle.The above aims can be achieved from the following aspects:introducing the social forces to participate in rural public sports services,adjusting the structure of the rural public sports service supply and establishing the performance evaluation system which can improve the ability and efficiency of the rural public sports service supply.These measures help to further promote national fitness in China.

This study selected 717 elderly people in Shanghai City District community as the research objects.Using the research methods of literature,questionnaire,interview etc.,it made an analysis of participant behavior,motive and influencing factors of elderly people who participate in leisure time physical activities in parts of Shanghai from sports event,place,expense on sport,association activities participation and other aspects.It can solve some of the puzzles for old people in leisure sports participation in the government,and affer reference for the government's policy making to promote the participation in leisure sports of the elderly.

Through the investigation into the culture system of British campus football talents,this paper summarizes the campus football development experience. Combing the relevant literature,based on the current situation of campus football talent training in our country and the comparative perspective,summarizing and drawing the British experience combined with China's actual situation of campus football development and making full use of the combination of difference and integration,this paper puts forward the essence and the fundamental aspects of the differences between the two countries in the campus football talent cultivation,and analyzes the inspiration from the training system of British campus football talent from macroscopic and microcosmic dimensions,in order to provide more theoretical reference for the training of our campus football talents.

This paper interprets Taiwan new educational stage physical education curriculum standard for grades 1-9.Firstly,it explains the origin and concept of key competencies.Then,it dissects structure of curriculum standard in curriculum idea,curriculum objective,cohesion of piecewise abilities indicators and key competencies,and implementation points.Thirdly,it analyzes characteristics of curriculum standard in surrounding key competencies,rooting in the theory,setting ability indicators,emphasizing on ability training,paying attention to the integration of curriculum content and cohesion.It concludes that grading system of OECD and Taiwan can be used as a prototype for China mainland physical education curriculum standard.China mainland starting curriculum standard research and reform based on key competencies should refer to different national or regional reform models.We should also deal with the details and segmentation problem of physical education key competencies.Key competencies are a powerful assistant in deepening physical education curriculum reform.We must be correctly interpreted key competencies in subsequent teacher training,and attract teachers to participate physical education curriculum reform based on key competencies.

At present,unbalanced and inadequate sports development in China is unable to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life.Therefore,it is essential to focus on demand and supply problems of sports development.By literature consultation and logical analysis,the study expounds profoundly the status of unbalanced sports development in the development fields,development regions and participation groups.On this basis,it proposes systematically the current demand of sports development and explores the route on balanced and inadequate sports developmentin the demand orientation.The overall development concept of sports guides the balanced and adequate development in all sports fields.The synergistic development concept of regional sports promotes the balanced and adequate development in all regions.The demand concept of good health guides the balanced and adequate development of participation groups.

By the method of literature and expert interviews,the training system of sports coaches in the United States was studied.The research reveals that the colleges and universities in the important base for the training of sports coaches;the American National Athletic Event Association is the main force of the coaches training and certification and the social forces in the United States is an important supplement of coaches training and certification.The coaches' qualification certification system,the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) and the National Committee for Accreditation of Coaching Education (NCACE) are the security mechanisms of sports coaches training system in the United States.The authors proposed that the different colleges and universities in China offer programs for professional coaches by using regional resources in different regions;By mobilizing social forces,the folk sports organizations are encouraged and supported to develop the coaches training and certification course system.At last,the administrative department of sport should create a set of standards for coaches and strengthen the supervision and management of sports coaches training.

It is the development of our reform of the political and economical systems and the comfortable environment under the transitional social structure that lead to the various kinds of grassroots sports organizations. Based on the documentary investigation methods, this essay analyzes the forming background of Chinese grassroots organizations and the legality, scarcity of resources and the difficulties of organizing management that we are faced with during the process of survival and development. The authors put forward that Chinese grassroots sports organizations should follow the cultivation path of tightening up the legal system, exploring the legal identifying, breaking through the lack of money dilemma and seeking the service of government purchases in order to concentrate on institutional improvement and management and enhance the viability of grassroots organizations. All these aim at promoting the sound development of Chinese grass-roots sports organizations.

Document research,expert interview and content analysis are utilized in this dissertation.The dissertation chooses the reports concerning 2014 Brazil World Cup and 2015 Asian Cup by four major portal sites as the research object,taking the investigation of transmission's current situation as a logical starting point.We come the conclusion of communication dilemma above sports events communication in mobile news client as followings:From the aspect of communication subject the reformation of production mode leads to information gatekeeper's deficiency.From the aspect of communication's content the misunderstanding of events dispels the sports nature.From the aspect of communication's mode the rise of social-media causes copyright crisis.Furthermore,we also explore the information fog triggers entertainment carnival and the personality customization leads to users' narrow view,meanwhile the scene depends on cocoons social contact and weakens ethnic-group effect.We suggest the development strategy from the following five aspects:Constructing multiple advanced supervision system of new media event;Relying on the combination of competition resources to release the sports charm;Improving self-discipline by perfecting the legislation to avoid copy rights distribution and combining with self-made short videos from the aspect of communication subject;Changing the logic of publication in order to expand users' viewing perspectives;Changing the scene to avoid ethnic development.

On the condition that the population of Youth Football declined,football level in China continued to decline and the relevant policy wasn't carried out effectively.The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis from various factors of adolescent physical health policy by adopting the methods of literature review and so on,and analyzed the evolution of youth football policy by adopting the perform system model of Meter–Horn policy implementation system.It found that the lack of coherence,the lack of standards,policies and legal effect of the low,unclear policy target positioning,the poor policy execution resources,single policy execution means,insufficient interaction of policy enforcement agencies,less identity of executive policy,execute esteemed underpowered and unfavorable factors such as policy environment,inadequate executive power and various disadvantage factors along with the interaction between them bring the policy implementation in trouble.So optimization path of policy effective execution is proposed. Ways to optimize the development of youth football include promoting policy goal level,perfecting the policy system,broadening the policy resources,integrating the policy execution organization,enriching policy implementation means,improving the execution mechanism and supervision mechanism,optimizing the policy environment,and enhancing the execution policy identity of the subject.

The authors use the biochemical indexes like hemoglobin,serum creatine kinase,blood urea,serum testosterone,cortisol and hemocyte cell line to ensure the suitable training load and the recovery from fatigue of the freestyle skiing aerial skill athletes during the period preparing for the 22nd Olympic Winter Games in 2013.From the change value of the physiological and biochemical indexes,most athletes adapt to the gradually increasing training load,they have good functional status and their exercise capacity tend to be increasing.Some athletes don't adapt to the gradually increasing training load during certain stage of the training process.However,via the adjustment of individual training,they show good functional status and tend to adapt to the increasing training load during the process of the subsequent training.

To enhance the competitiveness of sports brand in china,this thesis used management and intellectual property and analyzed sports brand competition practice.Aiming at the existing problems of Chinese sports goods brand competitiveness and mistakes of the cultivating,the author put forward countermeasures including making strong the "one subject" ,strengthening the "two registered" ,and striving the "three building" .At the same time,based on analyzing the international sports goods industry and the well-known brand market competition trend,this paper predicts how to adapt the rapid development of science technology and competition of intellectual property.

Taking the experiences from developed countries as an example, in order to promoting social reform and development of the public sports services in China, the social reform of public sports service in the United States has been studied in this paper.The study shows that the success of the reform of public sports services in the United States mainly depends on 3 aspects: advanced value idea, scientific system design and rational route choice.Based on the real situation in the social reform of public sports services in our country, the people-oriented idea should be persevered in and responding to public demand should be taken as a starting point on value idea;the contradiction in the public sports services between supply efficiency and public demands should be resolved in the design of the system;multiple measures suitable for national conditions should be taken on route choice.

With the increasing aggravation of China's sports team conflicts,this study is carried out using the case study of competitive and collaborative sports teams in China and theory analysis as the basic way.The data are analyzed using document analysis and case study to systematically study the development of competitive and collaborative sports teams,to discover the correlation between team conflicts and the changes of the factors including the evolution of sports teams structure and interpersonal relations mode to build the team conflict-intervention model,and to demonstrate the strategies of efficiently resolving the team conflicts.The purpose of this study is to develop theories of team conflict management in China (team management theories and team conflict management theories in China's circumstances) and to successfully intervene the team conflicts,aiming at having positive impacts in the field of international organizational behavior.

Purposes:To provide the theoretic evidence for prevention and treatment for type 2 diabetes by discussing how does interference of physical exercise influence rats with type 2 diabetes and its marrow leptin and leptin receptor protein expression in different stage of morbidity.Method:To randomly divide the male SD rats (Weaned) into five groups,each group compromises 11 rats.For instance,group of normal comparison(NCG),group of diabetes comparison(DCG),group of physical exercise treatment(ZLG),group of physical exercise prevention(YFG),group of FZG.Except rats from NCG group fed on normal stuff,the rest groups are fed on fatty and sugary stuff and inject a small does of STX on sixth week,resulted the type 2 diabetes.Group YFG and group FZG are trained to swing for six weeks before the morbidity of type 2 diabetes;After the morbidity of type 2 diabetes,group ZLG and group FZG are trained to swing for six weeks.After all groups finished the physical exercises,they are sampled after 12 hours of jejunitas within 24 hours such as FPG,glycocylated serum protein (GSP),Insulin,Osteocalcin (OS) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) as well as expression of bone metabolism and receptor protein.Results:1.As for weight,the group ZLG,YFG decreased in comparison with group FZG and group DCG,among which the group ZLG and group FZG have statistical significance(P<0.05).2.As for glycometabolism,FPG of group ZLG obviously decreased(P<0.05) compared with group DCG.Group YFG's FPG,GSP and Insulin slightly decreased while group FZG decreased sharply in terms of what mentioned above(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01).3.In terms of bone metabolism,group ZLG,group YFG and group FZG's tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) presented a decrease,among which the group FZG has statistical significance(P<0.01);group ZLG,group YFG and group FZG's Osteocalcin (OS) increased,among which group FZG has statistical significance(P<0.01).4.As for bone metabolism and receptor protein,group ZLG,group YFG and group FZG decreased compared with group DCG,among which group FZG has statistical significance(P<0.01).Conclusions:Interference of physical exercise in different stage of morbidity can improve metabolic disturbance of rats with type 2 diabetes,promote Bone metabolism adjustment,release rebellion of leptin.Hence,it couldn't be better to interfere with physical exercise in the whole process of morbidity.

The authors illustrate the importance and necessity of college students mixing sports into life in China under the perspective of the "three point theory" value of higher education.From the perspective of individual value,college students mixing sports into life in China can promote people's all-round development and their life quality,meet the individual life and survival needs,meet the needs of the individual to enjoy life and meet the needs of the individual development and self-improvement,and enhance the life dignity.From the perspective of social service value,college students mixing sports into life in China can directly provide high quality talents for social development,promote sports industry development,and meet the needs of social harmony development.From the perspective of science development value,college students mixing sports into life in China is good to establish the position of university sports discipline,and develop academic research of university sports,and cultivate specialized personnel of physical education discipline.

Based on the definition of guide funds of sports industry development,this article analyzes thesetting up yearof the guide funds of sports industry development indifferent provinces and cities,the sources and supportingways,the guide function,the mass sports industry support and the declaration requirementstosubject,and analyzes the contradictionof guide funds'reporting time and execution time,the mass sports industry project accounts for a small amount of funds,the guide funds' information publicdegree is low,the problem of project tracking and management difficult and the support effect has not been properly evaluated and so on,and then puts forward the correspondingcountermeasures,in order to make the management scientific and standardized.

To open the school-based exercising facilities to the society is the main approach taken to relieve facility deficiency in China.This paper adopts literature reviews,logic analysis and so on to study the policy texts,aiming at prompting the move of opening school-based facilities to the society,and serving more.The results indicate that even there exist a group of powerful policies,the effect of implementation is not ideal.Meanwhile,the policies themselves are not forceful in one or two aspects.There is insufficiency of government supervision as well as an evaluating system.Schools have difficulties implementing the policy and opening to the public in a difficult condition.The funding sources are insufficient and the paid service is unknown.Therefore,the directions of school sports facilities open to the public in our current economy,culture,education system are government purchasing public sports service,forming a win-win situation;the government can raise funds in many ways,clearing the paid service;the government must strengthen regulation evaluation system after purchase.The government msut adopt clubs and third-party organizations to reduce school work pressure.

By using the documentation and video observation,this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the Chinese women's gymnastic team in the aspects of difficulty,stability and artistic expression through the comparative study of the 44th~46th World Gymnastics Championships between China and the world elite athletes. The results show that:the difficulty of Chinese women's gymnastics has lightly advantage in uneven bars and balance beam,but lack of quality and innovative arrangement;the difficulty of vault and floor gymnastics is seriously lagging behind;stability is poor,the rate of significant error is high;artistic rhyme is not good,style and personality is not prominent. We put forward some relevant measures for the preparation for Rio Olympic Games.

As learning autonomy,cooperation and exploration are becoming a main melody in university learning method in the current times.Viewing the reform of college sports theory course as research perspective,the author made an exploratory study of college sports theory course teaching mode.In the participatory action learning and action research(PALAR) mode,the traditional three fixed wills turn into three autonomies before class,three interactions in class,and three learnings after school in teaching mode,the traditional spoon-feeding mission will turn into three combinations of independent teaching methods,the traditional quantitative evaluation will also turn into the processed evaluation which highlights the degree of development,and the teachers' role will be changed from traditional monologue into six-face people with many information,and the curriculum resources will also be effectively developed and utilized.What's more,the results show that the quality evaluation for teaching,the theoretical test results and the satisfaction of theoretical lessons in experimental classes are significantly higher than those in control classes.It concludes that the participatory action learning and action research(PALAR)mode are reasonable and feasible in PE majors theory course in common colleges.

By methods of literature,historical analysis,interview,etc.,this research has a deep study on the growth factors and characteristics of competitive sports.In retrospect of the competitive sports socialization management mode,the personnel training mechanism combining sports and education,the management system of the university sports federation (NCAA),professional sports league system design etc.,it argues that a sound management system is the basis of the growth of competitive sports in the United States.The idea of liberal education and professional sports values interactive fusion are the foundation of the growth of the competitive sports.The effective function of multiple subjects' coordinated co-administration and collegiality work is the guarantee of maintaining the growth vigor of the competitive sports.The strategic top-level design of "professional sports league system" is the growing power of the competitive sports.The multiparty communication operation mechanism is the channel to maintain the continued growth of competitive sports.It proposes that we should perfect our competitive sports management system,promote deep integration of competitive sports and school education,develop multiple subjects' coordinated co-administration and collegiality work in the field of competitive sports,promote market-oriented reform of professional sports,establish the alliance system of professional sports in China,and so on.

By survey to 1000 college students,this paper analyzes the situation of the college students' participating in sports associations,and compares the difference between sports associations(314)and non-sports community college students(584)in physical exercise behavior and the perception of sports associations influence.The results show that:1) Student sports associations participation rate is low and it needs to be further improved;2) the development of college sports associations exercise program is not balanced;3) sports associations have a significant positive impact on college students exercise behavior,and compared with non-sports community college students,sports community college students have more physical exercise,more strength,more exercise frequency and more strong adherence;4) physical exercise behavior and students' perceive of the impact of sports associations have a significant positive correlation,while whether to participate in sports associations is the key factors which affects the perception of sports associations influence.Based on the above findings,policy recommendations are given:To guide and promote the prosperity and development of physical exercise and mental health behaviors of college students by strengthening the management of college sports associations.

Based on the difference of philosophy and logic methods as the starting point, the author sorted out and summed up the various views and thinking characteristics among concept and interrelated study of sports in folk, folk sports, minority sports and traditional sports.The results showed that the controversy help deepen the research, but researchers should reflect the cognition difference under the guidance of current research methods.Using scientific and reasonable ways to understand the research path and thinking characteristics which the parties disputed with, the author clarified the essential characteristics and the inner link of their concept among sports in folk, folk sports, minority sports and traditional sports.The conclusions are that sports in folk is the upper concept, and folk sports, minority sports and traditional sports are the lower concepts, in which they are mutually inclusive, complement each other and promote each other.On the existing basis, we should make use of the empirical research methods in the field of anthropology to make the culture return to life, and reveal the cultural origin of the main body of the National Traditional Sports from the qualitative research.

In order to put the culture developmental strategy proposed in the 18th Congress in practice and set up the inheritable system of good traditional Wushu culture so as to carry it forward,the paper lays emphasis on abstracting the culture connotations of Wushu from 3 aspects of culturology,i.e.the relationship of oneself,between human beings,between people and nature,which are the especial technical system to make oneself body harmonious and unified.The attack and defense culture to focuse on the harmony between people.The ecological culture to show the harmony between people and nature.The paper also deeply analyzed the reasons to form those culture connotations.

Faced with the reduced teaching hours,students' weariness and sport qualities declined in public college P.E.Course,which shows that effectiveness of teaching preparation,implementation and evaluation were weaken continuously.If we don't seek the realization of P.E.Teaching value,the benefits of P.E.teaching activities and the impartiality of P.E.teaching evaluation,some problems are not only difficult to solve,such as whether the students want to learn or learn actively,how to learn and that they can learn or not,but we even can't make them be the evidence of public P.E.teaching effectiveness through the learning attitude and improving the interest in learning.

In order to change the development mode of competitive sports,the idea of competitive sports service must be changed first.Thus the competitive sport can change and transit from “overtaking and surpassing” to “sustainable development”. In the process of development,the competitive sports should complement school physical education and mass sports,develop the radiation function of competitive sports fully and pay attention to the connotation development of competitive sports. Some advantageous sports events,potential advantageous sports events and weak sports events should be scattered to all the provinces and cities. The “base of competitive sports events development” should be established and the “special provincial advantageous sports events” should be forged to hecp both the advantageous and weak sports events of the competitive sports develop together and improve the vigor and vitality of the competitive sports.

To ensure the sustainable development of competitive sports in China,it is necessary to put talents development on a legal basis.Using logical literature analysis and interview methods,the author studied the related legislation in the U.S.,Russia and Japan,and important enlightenment was provided.

Sport is the important condition for individual integrated development."Sports" in Chinese modern context can be separately defined as three level:"'sports' as educational purposes", "'sports' as one activity type" and "'sports' as one course type".School sport should be educational, basic, holistic and systematic, which is the concrete features of "the 'sports' as one activity type" in school context.The implementing of the concept of integrated development is not only the necessity of theoretical consideration, but also the need of practical development.

Strategic transformation is the core problem in the development of Chinese sports goods enterprises,involving dynamic adjustment of technology,brands,channels,management system elements and so on.It affects enterprise's competitive advantages directly or indirectly.By combing the research venation of Chinese sports goods enterprises,then on the basis of in-depth interpretation of the theory of strategic transformation,using grounded theory across the case study method,the article deduces the evolution path of Li Ning and Anta company strategic transformation,explores two transitions involving three stages of strategic development,and gets three important enlightenments which Chinese sports goods enterprises learn from when they implement strategic transformation:paying attention to two matches in the process of strategy,the unification of the commonness and individuality of enterprises and development relation in the process of enterprises strategic transformation.

The authors analyzed the causes of anomie about the current physical education value appeal from the perspective of anomie theory based on literature review and logical analysis. Anomie includes four levels such as value appeal,social development,specification and behavior. We put forward some regulatory paths for the anomie phenomenon,including grasping the direction and fundamental questions to lead physical education value appeal achievement,establishing security and restraint mechanisms to guarantee physical education value appeal achievement and abandoning the utility and short-sighted behavior to practice physical education value appeal. The purpose is to promote the physical education value appeal from anomie state to orderly state.

In order to create a high-level brand competition strategy, which is a new policy of sports industry promulgated by the state council, and to realize the beautiful blueprint to build a world first-class league, by taking the major problems in 20 years (2014-2015)of CBA as the starting point, using the methods of literature investigation, video observation and expert interview, the author summarized the reform target which mainly includes five aspects: competition fairness, appreciation, balance, health and uniqueness. At the last, the guarantee path of CBA competition system reform in the future was put forward which includes the starting mechanism, relying on the basic point, promotion mode, power support and operation mechanism.

In this study,by the suspension of sling exercise therapy with conventional rehabilitation training,we observed the effect of improving lower limb function in stroke patients.40 cases of stroke patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups,with each group of 20 people.Two groups of patients were treated with conventional drugs and rehabilitation.On this basis,the experimental group increased on SET exercise,with each exercise duration of 30 min,5 days a week,a total of eight weeks of treatment.Before and after the experiment lower limb motor function of two groups of patients was evaluated respectively.The results show that after the suspension of training TUGT test experimental group was significantly lower(P<0.05).The FMA-L value and the BBS test scores also have the same trend.The pace gait parameters showed increases in steps stride frequency increased,step width reduction features.It shows that sling exercise therapy on lower extremity motor function of stroke patients has significant improvement.

Objective:To study the protective effects of tonic medicine on kidney inflammation factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in rats of exercise-related renal ischemia-reperfusion injuries.Methods:75 male Wistar rats at the age of 7 weeks were divided into 4 groups randomly:control group(C group,n=12),general training group(M group,n=12), overtraining group(OM group,n=24),tonic medicine + overtraining group(TM group,n=24),the Rats in M,OM,TM groups were assigned to 8 weeks of swimming training,7 days a week.Professional gavage were given once a day.The Rats of TM group were given with compound Chinese herbal medicine(The primary elements were Chinese drugs for invigoration,such as Astragalus,Rhodiola rosea,Salviae miltiorrhizae,Sophora flavescens),gavages(ig) dose was 1 g·kg^-1;ig volume was 5 mL·kg^-1,and other groups were given the normal saline.24 hours after the last training,we observed the glomerular ECM deposition by the PAS stain;detected the renal tissue of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 protein by immunohistochemistry and detected the expression of TNF-α mRNA,IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA,IL-18 mRNA,TGF-β1 mRNA gene in renal tissue by RT-PCR method.Results:1)8 weeks after the experiment,the glomerular ECM deposition of C group and M group appeared normal and showed no differences(P>0.05);OM group was significantly higher than that in C group and M group(P<0.01),TM group was significantly lower than that of group OM(P<0.05).2)OM group and TM group blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly higher than that of C group(P<0.01),TM group was significantly lower than that of group OM(P<0.05);the expression of renal TNF-α,IL-1 β, IL-6 and IL-18 protein in OM group and TM group was significantly higher than that in C group(P<0.01),TM group was significantly lower than that of group OM(P<0.05);the expression of renal TNF-α mRNA,IL-1 β mRNA,IL-6 and IL-18 mRNA in TM group and OM group was significantly higher than that of C group(P<0.01),TM group was lower than of OM group(P<0.05);the expression of renal TGF-β1mRNA in TM group and OM group was significantly higher than that of C group(TM,P<0.05;OM,P<0.01),TM group was significantly lower than of OM group(P<0.05).Conclusion: 8 weeks overtraining caused the movement of rat renal ischemia reperfusion and increased the deposition of ECM.Tonic medicine can restrain the expression of renal tissue TGF-β1 during exercise-related renal ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by overtraining,which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of IL-1,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-18 in renal tissue.Finally it decreased the synthetic and increased the decomposition of ECM,reduced the damage and the histopathological changes,as a result,Tonic medicine can protect the rats from exercise-related renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective:To explore effects of long-term aerobic training on leptin-AMPK(Adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase)-ACC (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase)pathways in skeletal muscles and disorder of glucose-lipid metabolism of diabetic rats and to eveal the mechanism of exercise on diabetes prevention.Methods:SD male Rats were divided into 3 groups by body weight randomly:control group(Con),diabetes group(AC),diabetes exercise group(AE).Rats of AC group were administered with streptozocin(STZ) and hyper-lipid diet to establish type 2 diabetes model.Rats of AE group were established as type 2 diabetes model as those AC group,and then did swimming training 6 weeks(1 hour per day,5 days per week).Results:(1) After 6 weeks of training,AC group compared with Con group.Rats of AC group had high weight,high blood glucose,hyperinsulinism and hyperleptinemia;Triglyceride(TG),free fatty acid(FFT) and leptin in skeletal muscles increased significantly(P<0.01);muscle glycogen(MG),and phosphorylation level of AMPKα2 in skeletal muscles decreased significantly(P<0.01);leptin receptor,phosphorylation level of AMPKα1 and ACC in skeletal muscle decreased significantly(P<0.05).(2) After 6 weeks of training,AE group was compared with AC group.The tendency of high weight,high blood glucose,hyperinsulinism and hyperleptinemia was decreased by exercise;TG in skeletal muscles decreased significantly,while MG increased significantly (P<0.01);FFA in skeletal muscles decreased significantly(P<0.05);leptin receptor,phosphorylation level of AMPKα1/α2 and ACC in skeletal muscle increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:Injury of leptin-AMPK-ACC pathway induces glycogen and lipid reserves disorder in skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetic rats.This may be a reason of insulin resistance and glucose-lipid metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetic rats body.Long-term aerobic endurance training can improve leptin-AMPK-ACC pathway function in skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetes and relieve insulin resistance and glucose-lipid metabolism disorder.

It's an important problem in the field of circumstance identification whether the phenomenon of visual memory processing and its influence exist on the complex circumstance identification.The efficiency of circumstance identification is one of the critical factors which lead to the orienteer's decision-making.Through the experimental study,the authors take orienteering map recognition as the research content to explore the relationship characteristics and processing strategies between scene recognition and visual memory in cognitive map,in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific formulation exercise training program.Method:orienteer athletes are divided into specialist group,average group,and novice group according to their skills.They are asked to recognize a position on the map,and then finish a recognition test.The maps were divided into difficult type and easy type,which include Check Point No.1,Check Point No.2,and Check Point No.3.The results show that:firstly,the efficiency of circumstance recognition is influenced by orienteer's visual memory ability,which is affected by difficulty of the map and quantity information.(Three groups in the task with easy maps have better recognition rate and reaction time than those of the groups with harder maps;the information amount has greater influence on the novice group than the specialist group.Secondly,the difficulty and information amount of the map are impacted by athletes' levels.(In simple tasks,the specialist group can memorize the largest amount of information accurately,followed by the average group and novice group;in complicated tasks,the specialist group can memorize more information quantity than those of average group and novice group,with no difference between the latter ones.Thirdly,athletes in specialist group prefer the method of finding the attack points,while the ones in novice group prefer the strategy of segmented memory.

Baduanjin is a Health exercise which is spreaded most widely and most profoundly in ancient Chinese guidance technique.Baduanjin conceived by Chinese traditional philosophy is a exercise with medical health care function,and is representative of the Chinese traditional health culture.This article uses the methods of literature study and logic analysis,began to trace the development process of fitness Qigong and Baduanjin by connotation of Baduanjin and Qigong Ba Duan Jin,and study cultural value and medical value,and put forward the way to realize its value.

Tapering is the focus of the world competitive sports research problems, and training plan, training content, training load, training types and quality monitoring indexes are the key and difficult points for successful implementation of Tapering.the research literature about "Tapering" question and case analysis of the success of Zhang Hong, an Olympic champion, the general arrangement before the important race nonlinear large cycle reduced training plan, and training time is usually 2~5 weeks.Training content is rich, and special power ability and special technology absorption are as the principal, and auxiliary power ability and special strength training are complementary.Training load generally uses nonlinear fast index decrement model, and training load reduction of different types is adopted according to the characteristics of different types of projects.Training type is implemented according to match target and the comprehensive factors target.The heart rate, blood lactic acid, serum creatine enzyme, components of the blood physiological and biochemical index are considered as monitoring indexes, which can ensure the successful implementation of Tapering.

Based on the analysis of scholars' research results,the author constructs the structure of soft environment system of campus football in China,and expatiates the structure relationship of soft environment system.The five factors of campus football soft environment system are analyzed,namely campus football's ideology environment,policy system environment,social environment,human environment and education and cultural environment.On the basis of the above,the construction problems of the five soft environment elements are put forward and should be paid attention to.The objective is to push forward the construction of campus football soft environment system and promote the healthy development of campus football in China.

With the document data and historical study methods and so on,the authors take the historical evolution process of narrow spirit in Chinese martial arts as object and analyze the concept of chivalrous spirit.According to the principle of historical studies Inner Identity of Phased Development (Mr.Qian Mu said),chivalrous spirit of Chinese martial arts could be divided into four stages.Research results show that Pursuing the Pleasure of Life is the main rhythm for the chivalrous spirit of Chinese martial arts in pre-Qin Dynasty;Aggressiveness is the main melody for Chinese martial arts of chivalrous spirit from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties.Concern for the Fate of Country and People is an important theme for the chivalrous spirit of Chinese martial arts in Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.Recasting Spirit is so far the sublimation of chivalrous spirits in late Qing Dynasty as a totem guide to recast chivalrous spirit.Through the macroscopically stage division of the chivalrous spirit in Chinese martial arts,we can recognize its historical evolution forms in different periods.In further explorations to the cultural landscape of chivalrous spirit in Chinese martial as well as analysis on the agent of historical evolution,we can find out different social functions of chivalrous spirits in different periods that made different social effects to provide theoretical basis for the heritage of chivalrous spirit in contemporary martial arts.

In order to investigate the behavior and brain character of different physical activity level university students' misdeeds, using questionnaire as the base, 30 university students in different physical activity levels were selected for research objects.Using event-related potentials technology, behavior reaction and EEG data were recorded when they completed classical Go/Nogo inhibitory task.The results show that the reaction time of exercise group is shorter than that of sedentary group, exercise group's inhibition successful rate of pictures about misdeeds is higher than that of sedentary group, and exercise group's Nogo-P3 that represents inhibition ability is more significant.Therefore, students with high physical activity may have better inhibition ability, which can help to decrease the craving of misdeeds habit.

Theoretical model of exercise behavion can explain and predict individual exercise behavior effectively,improve the level of exercise,and promote individual health.Using the method of literature,this paper gives insightful analysis to exercise behavior theory model based on individual,group and organization,reflects the prospectus development of modern exercise behavior theory model and reveals the important role that exercise behavior theory played in guiding the intervention.It concluds that the exercise behavior theory model is developed from theoretical research to the theoretical and practical research and also applied in practice,the research view is transferred from focusing on individual to group,and the applicable strategy of exercise behavior theory has been changed a lot too.All these updates are the new beginning of the exercise psychology.Effective intervention is often established on the basic of theory.Therefore,researchers should draw on effective measures according to the new comprehensive exercise behavior theory.The connections between intervention program and the object,convenient and practical exercise information,active learning participation,cultivation,time and consolidation of skills should be emphasized in future study of exercise behavior intervention.