Baduanjin is a Health exercise which is spreaded most widely and most profoundly in ancient Chinese guidance technique.Baduanjin conceived by Chinese traditional philosophy is a exercise with medical health care function,and is representative of the Chinese traditional health culture.This article uses the methods of literature study and logic analysis,began to trace the development process of fitness Qigong and Baduanjin by connotation of Baduanjin and Qigong Ba Duan Jin,and study cultural value and medical value,and put forward the way to realize its value.

Blockchain is a trusted system built for the first time in human history,which has the characteristics of distributed storage,decentralization,distrust and transparency.Social football is an important field to realize the dream of a football power.At present,it is urgent to explore the governance mode in line with the spontaneous characteristics of social football and standardize the development order of social football.This paper studies how to integrate blockchain into the social football governance to provide a feasible path for social football intelligence governance.In view of the problems of the current social football area,such as the unsuitable governance situation,the low governance effectiveness,the imperfect system development,and the non-transparent governance process,this paper proposes the concept of social football blockchain governance,including distributed governance mode,supervision based on consensus,smart contract to protect benefits,and traceable resource integration.This paper designs a social football governance model based on blockchain,including three governance paths:(1)The cross section governance path of “government department-education department-local football association-social enterprise”;(2) The autonomy path of “football league-football association-association member”;(3) The P2P precise governance path of “social football supervision,guarantee and supply mechanism-football league”.The blockchain-based intelligent social football governance system is of great significance to reshape the internal and external order of social football,realize the industrialization of social football,and promote the vertical and deep development of “football power”.

This paper analyses the definition,mechanism,classification and training of movement pattern by means of documentary and expert interview.The authors find that:1.Movement pattern is the process of multiple body systems cooperating with each other to perform a movement program,so as to adapt to internal and external stimulation.Its inherent nature is Neural Traces,and its appearance is a single or repeated single movements.2.Human body system coordination model formed by the nervous system,sports system and other systems' antagonism and collaboration;and the movement parameter coordination model formed by movement elements' antagonism and collaborative are Movement Pattern's formation mechanism.3.The basic function movement pattern formed naturally and aimed to complete the daily life and activities;and the sport-specific movement pattern formed by the specific requirements of sports are two main kinds of movement pattern.4.The essence of Movement Pattern Training is breaking through limits of people,task and environment;Limit and release freedom are strategies of movement pattern training;Fixed characteristics are the content of action quality training,while variation characteristics are the content of action performance training.

This study reviewed the 30 years' development experience in golf course construction,golf college education,golf consumer groups,golf teams,golf society organizations,golf tournament,etc.,and summarized the main problems in the process of its development.At last,the paper prospects the future development trend of golf from five aspects,such as guiding rational development of golf course construction,promoting the training quality of golf education,broadening the level of the golf consumer groups,shaping a good golf professional growth of the institutional environment,strengthening the power of social organization and professional golf media.

By methods of field survey and literature,taking a village named Nadong in northwest Guangxi as investigating site,the authors investigated the inheriting environment of Frog Dance,analyzed the cultural layers of Frog Dance,summarized the experiences of protection and inheritance,the aim is to provide experiences for village sports.protection and inheritance.Research results are as follows: the Frog Dance has unique culture space,contains four layers of culture contents,including substance,institution,conduction and spirits.The experiences are as follows: exert culture carrier function of sports artifact,respect traditional sports institution,focus attention on sports spirits inheriting,rely on nongovernmental force based on clan,and adhering integrity principle of anthropology.

FoxOs are highly conserved transcription factors with significant roles in cellular homeostasis.The four FoxO members are FoxO1,FoxO3,FoxO4,and FOXO6.This review discusses the central role of these proteins in the control of skeletal muscle homeostasis.FoxO1 and FoxO3 are key factors of muscle energy homeostasis through the control of glycolytic and lipolytic flux,and mitochondrial metabolism.They are important regulators of muscle fiber types and protein breakdown.According to their activation level,FoxO proteins can exhibit different functions.For example,a basal level of FoxO factors is essential for cellular homeostasis and these proteins are required for muscle adaptation to exercise.Different types of exercise have diverse effects on them.However,exacerbated activation may be present in many diseases,resulting in atrophy and metabolic disorders.A better understanding of these transcription factors functions will facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent or limit the muscle wasting that prevails in multiple pathological states,such as immobilization,denervated conditions,neuromuscular disease,aging,diabetes,AIDS,and cancer.

The issue of Teenagers' physical health is a hot topic in the world physical fitness research.Through the combing of teenagers' physical fitness test history,the paper analyzes American philosophy of physical fitness test and evaluation in the new era from three aspects:government and community organization's concerns and measurements,physical education's promotion and rectified teenagers' physical fitness test assessment standards,and explains the development concept of highlighting health quality evaluation and testing of USA adolescent physical health in the new period.

At present,core training includes "core strength training" and "core stability training".The core strength training is the effective promotion and training of the balance and stability of the body,and its training focuses on the stable training of the deep muscle group and the effective control and adjustment of the nerves related to the muscles.Core stability training is to strengthen the local and overall stability of the body by regulating the neuromuscular control system.The focus of previous studies is on the core training theory and its relationship with sports performance.and there are few related reviews about the core training to prevent sports injury.This paper summarizes the research progress of core training related theories,core strength and core stability training in sports injury,in order to enrich the basic theory of sports training and national fitness,and to provide reference for the sports injury prevention.

In this study,the authors used questionnaires,mathematical statistics and other methods to explore the relationship between the three variables of transformational leadership behavior,sense of satisfaction with physical education and continuous desire for physical exercise.The results showed that there was no significant difference in leadership charisma (CR=2.551,P=0.011<0.05),personality care (CR=2.108,P=0.035<0.05) and intellectual motivation (CR=4.516,(Satisfaction rate of 37%).Physical education class satisfaction has a significant positive predictive value for the promotion of continuous physical activity (CR=8.212,P=0.000<0.001) 18%).In addition,the Bootstrap method shows that the sense of satisfaction of PE class is the leading charm (Biar-Corrected 95% confidence interval is 0.057~0.308;Percentile 95% confidence interval is 0.015~0.311) (Biar-Corrected 95% Confidence Interval 0.015~0.261;Percentile 95% Confidence Interval 0.053~0.245) and the ongoing desire for physical activity play an intermediary role,and belongs to the complete intermediary (Leadership Charm Biar-The Corrected 95% Confidence Interval is-0.440~0.302;Percentile 95% Confidence Interval is-0.439~0.304) (Intelligence Incentive Biar-Corrected 95% Confidence Interval is-0.156~0.348;Percentile 95% confidence interval is-0.177~0.333).To sum up,colleges and universities should always set an example for PE teachers,strict self-discipline and caring students,through continuous improvement of students' sense of class satisfaction,which indirectly promote students to consciously develop their good intentions to continue participating in physical exercises in the future.

Taking the 13th National Games as an example,this paper discusses the important influence of large-scale sports events on the national economy from the positive and negative effects.The results show that holding large-scale events can promote the growth of local GDP,improve employment level,promote the transformation of economic structure and the development of tertiary industry,and promote the construction of urban infrastructure.The resulting problems include the raising of government budgets by hosting major events,how to make use of newly-built venues and facilitate the use of the people after the games,the crowding-out effect on tourism industry,and the pressure to local traffic during the event.It is suggested that the budget of large-scale events should be done scientifically and reasonably;the utilization of venues after competitions should be emphasized;the tourism management during the competitions should be strengthened;and the traffic problems during the competitions should be handled in a coordinated manner.

In order to understand the related factors of adolescents' physical exercise behavior,this paper used questionnaires,interviews and other research methods to analyze the ecology model of health behavior.In addition,based on the model,this paper also analyzed the related factors from the perspective of individual,family,school,community and policy,explored the interaction between the various factors,put forward the corresponding intervention strategies,and promoted the formation of adolescents' physical exercise habits.The results show that the motivation of sports participation and the health protection of physical fitness are the most important for the adolescents to exercise and persist in exercise.Besides,family health awareness,economic condition,education environment,PE teachers' professional quality,exercise environment of school,community exercise facilities,sense of worth and group influence,etc.,all these factors influence the development trend of adolescents' physical exercise behavior.Sports administrative execution and policy resources guarantee factors are the driving force of adolescents' physical exercise behavior.

The development scale and level of American sports industry is global hegemony,so far ahead of other countries.American sports industry enjoys a high degree of prosperity,because it has already formed a unique and irreplaceable strong core competence,which makes it possible to maintain a strong,sustainable development.Investigating its reason,the core competence of American sports industry can form and maintain,depending on the good growth mechanism.Further analyzing the core competence of American sports industry and its growth mechanism has important implications for cultivation and enhancement of the core competence of sports industry in China.

Theoretical model of exercise behavion can explain and predict individual exercise behavior effectively,improve the level of exercise,and promote individual health.Using the method of literature,this paper gives insightful analysis to exercise behavior theory model based on individual,group and organization,reflects the prospectus development of modern exercise behavior theory model and reveals the important role that exercise behavior theory played in guiding the intervention.It concluds that the exercise behavior theory model is developed from theoretical research to the theoretical and practical research and also applied in practice,the research view is transferred from focusing on individual to group,and the applicable strategy of exercise behavior theory has been changed a lot too.All these updates are the new beginning of the exercise psychology.Effective intervention is often established on the basic of theory.Therefore,researchers should draw on effective measures according to the new comprehensive exercise behavior theory.The connections between intervention program and the object,convenient and practical exercise information,active learning participation,cultivation,time and consolidation of skills should be emphasized in future study of exercise behavior intervention.

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the influence of distinct recovery methods during the recovery period on the aerobic and anaerobic energy yield,as well as on performance,during high-intensity interval training (HIT) of young male basketball athletes in order to provide evidence for institute training protocol scientifically.Methods:Twenty young male basketball athletes were willing to participate this experiment.Firstly maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) and maximal power output (W_max) of the subjects were determined by graded exercise tests.On subsequent days they performed three different HITs (each HIT consisted of four cycling bouts until exhaustion at 110%W_max and recovery time was 5 min) and HITs differed in the kind of activity performed during the recovery periods:pedaling at 20%VO_2max (active recovery,HITA),stretching exercises (HITS),or maintained rest (passive recovery,HITP).Work performance,exhaustion time,VO₂,VO₂ kinetics,accumulated O₂ deficit (AOD) and blood lactic acid content ([La]) were measured respectively during the experiment.Results:Compared with HITS and HITP,work performance,peak VO₂ (VO_2peak),mean VO₂ (VO_2mean) and total VO₂ (VO_2total) were increased while time constant (TC) of VO₂ kinetics were decreased in HITA (P<0.05).Exhaustion time,AOD and blood[La] in all recovery methods had no significant difference (P>0.05).Parameters above had no significant difference between HITS and HITP (P>0.05).Conclusion:Active recovery facilitates performance better than stretching exercise and passive recovery by increasing aerobic contribution to the whole energy yield turnover during intermission of high-intensity interval training,while the greater contribution of aerobic metabolism to the energy yield was due to faster VO₂ kinetics and greater O₂ utilization.

That celebrity endorsement can promote advertising effectiveness has reached a consensus in academia.But studies on the advertising effectiveness of the sports celebrity endorsers are few, and these studies' persuasion should be enhanced.In this article, we analyzed the researches literature at home and abroad using the meta-analysis and verified the holistic effect on sports celebrity endorsers' role model for the influence of the advertisement.The results show significant positive correlation (r=0.425).The appeals, reliability, professional and matching of sports celebrity endorsers all have a significant impact on the advertising effect.In addition, the paper has carried a heterogeneity test on the literature in order to explore the control variables such as measurement factors, situational factors which possibly existed between the influence of the sports celebrity endorsers and advertising effectiveness.Results show that the moderator variables, cultural factors and sample factors have significantly affected their relationship.

With the document data and historical study methods and so on,the authors take the historical evolution process of narrow spirit in Chinese martial arts as object and analyze the concept of chivalrous spirit.According to the principle of historical studies Inner Identity of Phased Development (Mr.Qian Mu said),chivalrous spirit of Chinese martial arts could be divided into four stages.Research results show that Pursuing the Pleasure of Life is the main rhythm for the chivalrous spirit of Chinese martial arts in pre-Qin Dynasty;Aggressiveness is the main melody for Chinese martial arts of chivalrous spirit from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties.Concern for the Fate of Country and People is an important theme for the chivalrous spirit of Chinese martial arts in Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.Recasting Spirit is so far the sublimation of chivalrous spirits in late Qing Dynasty as a totem guide to recast chivalrous spirit.Through the macroscopically stage division of the chivalrous spirit in Chinese martial arts,we can recognize its historical evolution forms in different periods.In further explorations to the cultural landscape of chivalrous spirit in Chinese martial as well as analysis on the agent of historical evolution,we can find out different social functions of chivalrous spirits in different periods that made different social effects to provide theoretical basis for the heritage of chivalrous spirit in contemporary martial arts.

Based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB),the author explored the effects of TPB variables on soccer fans participation behavior.Seven hundred and seven soccer fans were enrolled in the study.Subjective norm,perceived behavior control,behavioral attitude,behavioral intention and participation behavior were assessed by questionnaire.The results show that the behavioral attitude,subjective norm and perceived behavior control can positively predict the soccer fans participation behavior intention.Among them,the subjective norm plays the strongest role in prediction.At the same time,the subjective norm,perceived behavior control and behavior intention also have the positive impact on soccer fans participation behavior.

The qualitative and quantitative researches in table tennis technical and tactical study were discussed in this paper.It suggested that quantitative research and qualitative research about table tennis techniques and tactics had their own advantages and disadvantages and that integration and application of these two kinds of research methods could have a greater effect in practical studies.A quantitative study was used to research the players' techniques and tactics for objective quantitative statistics.Qualitative research in table tennis tactics analysis was used to identify the real technique and tactic intention of players.The integration and application of the quantitative and qualitative researches may be the best way to find the real rule of techniques and tactics of table tennis match.

By methods of literature,historical analysis,interview,etc.,this research has a deep study on the growth factors and characteristics of competitive sports.In retrospect of the competitive sports socialization management mode,the personnel training mechanism combining sports and education,the management system of the university sports federation (NCAA),professional sports league system design etc.,it argues that a sound management system is the basis of the growth of competitive sports in the United States.The idea of liberal education and professional sports values interactive fusion are the foundation of the growth of the competitive sports.The effective function of multiple subjects' coordinated co-administration and collegiality work is the guarantee of maintaining the growth vigor of the competitive sports.The strategic top-level design of "professional sports league system" is the growing power of the competitive sports.The multiparty communication operation mechanism is the channel to maintain the continued growth of competitive sports.It proposes that we should perfect our competitive sports management system,promote deep integration of competitive sports and school education,develop multiple subjects' coordinated co-administration and collegiality work in the field of competitive sports,promote market-oriented reform of professional sports,establish the alliance system of professional sports in China,and so on.

Through expert interviews and case method, this paper points out the differences about the definition and structure in basektball offense system between China and American. Chinese basketball offense system is focused on the theoretical level, laying too much emphasis on teaching approach and not enough attention on coaches' role in building the offense system. There are many different classic basketball offense systems in American history. They are all built by acitve basketball coaches and these coaches more focus on the intergrity, practicality and personalize of their systems. To study the offense system is one of the important ways to win games. Therefore, we should do more research combined with active game.

By applying literature research method,historical studying method as well as logical analysis method,This research based on the theories and practice of Winter Olympics and regarding the sustainability of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games as a direction,summarizes and analyzes the background,connotation,process,govern system and operation of the sustainable development in Winter Olympics.The conclusions are as follow:1.The sustainable development is a necessary choice under the impetus and pressure.2.The sustainable development is a long-term way to promote people,environment,society and cities,as well as Olympics itself.3.The sustainable development of Winter Olympics concludes three phases.4.In order to achieve sustainability,the Olympics build up a governing system which involves guidelines,organization structure,knowledge management,bidding procedure,evaluation and cooperation.For the sake of sustainability,both international Olympics committee and host countries are focusing on the management of large-scale Stadiums,space planning,energy saving and so on.

Amercian university students' sports community development has a long history and forms its own unique management idea,operation experience and development model,which are worthy of learning for us.Therefore,we mainly analyze the main characteristics of the sports community development in Harford University,Brown University,Stanford University,University of Maryland,Duke University,Georgetown University,and at the same time,put forward the relevant important enlightenment to promote the sustainable development of China's college students' sports organizations.

The authors use literature review,historical analysis and logical analysis and so on to have an in-depth analysis on the historical transformation of the development of sports in the United Kingdom.First of all,we analyzes the factors that affect the transformation of the development mode of sports development in the United Kingdom,including the transformation of political party and the concept of governance,economic transformation and industrial upgrading,spiritual motivation and cultural reconstruction.Secondly,the paper emphatically analyzes the concrete influence of government function transformation on the development mode of competitive sports,mainly for the sports policy planning functions is changed from focusing on the transformation of mass sports to the highly attention of sports,which switching the UK athletics sports development course;the reform of sports management functions is changed from the social autonomy to government and social cooperation,which strengthening the development momentum of competitive sports in the United Kingdom;the sports public service function is changed from the single site facility supply to the diversified competitive sports service supply,which improving the level of the development of the British competitive sports;the function of physical education personnel training is changed from the traditional club and the school training to the system of the high level talents training mode,which tamping the foundation of the development of the British competitive sports.In the end,it points out the enlightenment of the transformation of the development mode of sports development in United Kingdom for our country.

Taking 730 Hainan sports tourism participants as the research objects,by the methods of questionnaire investigation,mathematical statistics methods and etc.,this essay analyzes the conception and characteristics of sport tourists in their basic situation,motivation and behavior.The result shows that sport tourists not only have the general tourists' characteristics but also have the characteristics of participatory in tourism mode,the dualism of tourism purpose and the specificity of tour groups.Hainan Sports tourists are mainly young and middle-aged males.Their sports tourism consumption is mostly at the moderate level and their tourism motivation has significant correlation with the level of income.Their sport tourism motivation are significantly diversified.Through factor analysis,it finds that the motivations of sport tourists can be divided into three types,i.e.the making innovations,challenging ego and bodybuilding.The essay puts forward that Hainan should develop its sport tourists market,mainly targeting at young and middle-aged men and moderate consumption level,integrate sports tourism resources of Hainan and create marine sports tourism products at focal points.All-dimensions and all aspects of sport and tourism departments in charge should strengthen cooperation with clear direction and formulate special plan for sport tourism,thus making Hainan the destination of tropical sport tourism.

Football stadium is an indispensable part of football game. The football-specific stadium has long been separated from traditional stadium in developed countries whose design concept as well as construction technique and standard has been improved rapidly. However,late-start,slow development and many other problems makes the football-specific stadium construction in China stay far away from the Skill Recommendation of Professional Football Stadiums and Specific Stadium Standards released by FIFA in 2011. By means of documentary,questionnaire,interview and statistics,the thesis compares and analyzes the current situation of the professional football stadiums in China on the basis of Skill Recommendation of Professional Football Stadiums and Specific Stadium Standards,carries out a full range of assessment by undertaking high-profile events as the starting point,in order to provide corresponding theoretical basis for the design and construction of future professional football stadiums,and provide more perfect and humanized hardware support for great football events.

Utilizing related theory of Psychology and Communication,the authors analyzed formation process of national image in sports communication.The results show that sports communication is an important situation in the construction of national image.National image is constructed layer by layer in a kind of well-proportioned "meaning structure"."General theory," making background perception image as a kind of interpretation framework integrating new information,reveals the whole process of this kind of context construction.Based on this,in the control mode of building sports communication for improving national image according to system cybernetics principle,the control subject,through mass media,sports culture,sports events,physical education,sports interpersonal relationship,sports organization and other communication channels,acts on information receivers so as to reach its control target of constructing national image,affect public cognition and improve national image.

Tapering is the focus of the world competitive sports research problems, and training plan, training content, training load, training types and quality monitoring indexes are the key and difficult points for successful implementation of Tapering.the research literature about "Tapering" question and case analysis of the success of Zhang Hong, an Olympic champion, the general arrangement before the important race nonlinear large cycle reduced training plan, and training time is usually 2~5 weeks.Training content is rich, and special power ability and special technology absorption are as the principal, and auxiliary power ability and special strength training are complementary.Training load generally uses nonlinear fast index decrement model, and training load reduction of different types is adopted according to the characteristics of different types of projects.Training type is implemented according to match target and the comprehensive factors target.The heart rate, blood lactic acid, serum creatine enzyme, components of the blood physiological and biochemical index are considered as monitoring indexes, which can ensure the successful implementation of Tapering.

This paper does metering statistic for comparative literature of Wushu culture and inductive analysis for research perspective,research methods and thematic content in the comparative study of Wushu culture by literature statistic method,content analysis and logic analysis and probes existing problems and research prospect on the comparison of Wushu culture on this basis.The result shows that comparative study perspective of Wushu culture is relates to the field of philosophy,communication,education,aesthetics,and religion and so on.The interdisciplinary perspective is obvious.The comparative study methods of Wushu culture mainly chose literature and stressed the comprehensive use of various research methods but also exposed the problems that methodology was wrong understood as research methods.They pay attention to the role of body awareness for the form of Wushu culture on thematic content,the difference of inheritance law between traditional Wushu and the modern athletics Wushu,the strategy difference of Wushu international promotion in national policies,media outreach and business operations,the impacts on education and training in Wushu from different teaching content,teaching methods and teaching materials and evolution law between the social environment changes and cultural development of Wushu.This paper suggests comparative study of Wushu culture must focus on comparison modes transforms from cultural elements static state to historical process dynamic state,from literature review to fieldwork survey and from Wushu cultural subject to Wushu cultural ecology.

This study selected 717 elderly people in Shanghai City District community as the research objects.Using the research methods of literature,questionnaire,interview etc.,it made an analysis of participant behavior,motive and influencing factors of elderly people who participate in leisure time physical activities in parts of Shanghai from sports event,place,expense on sport,association activities participation and other aspects.It can solve some of the puzzles for old people in leisure sports participation in the government,and affer reference for the government's policy making to promote the participation in leisure sports of the elderly.

Using the methods of literature,expert interview and logic analysis,combined with years of coaching experience in the national team,based on the reality before and during the game,this paper makes a theoretical and empirical research on the debate between programmed and non-programmed decision-making mode of basketball coaches.Conclusions can be drawn as follows:this debate is derived from the argument between forward-looking design and stochastic methods,as well as the opposition between multiple people involved in decision-making and individual direct decision-making,and the contradiction between informative decision-making and individual experienced decision-making;pregame preparation needs a strict procedural operations from coach staff,with deep study and sufficient judgement on the game plan.While during the game,the decision-making should include both programmed and non-programmed characteristics.The trigger mechanism for both methods is influenced by the redundancy of game plan.When the redundancy is good,selection of alternatives can be made through programmed decision-making mode;conversely,if redundancy is insufficient,decision-making needs to rely on experience and intuition.Based on the successful experience of Chinese men’s basketball team,the operation process of coaches’ decision-making before and during the game can be used for reference by sports teams in the field of competitive basketball.

In order to understand the development history of French ski resorts,and to provide a useful reference for the development of ski resorts in China and the formulation of relevant policies,the development history,characteristics and influencing factors of the ski resorts in France are systematically studied by using the methods of literature and expert interview.The study finds that:1)The French ski resort is extended from tourist area of summer resorts.During the period,it has experienced five stages and has produced four generations of ski resorts.2)The development of industrial revolution,the needs of mass leisure,active participation of all sectors of society,strong support and control of the government,all of which are the important reasons for the rapid growth and sustainable development of French ski resorts.Suggestions are that China should learn from the development experience of French ski resorts,break the inertia thinking of confining ski resorts in "sports" and "tourism",and encourage all sectors of society to actively participate in development of ski resorts;Extend the paid vacation system and increase leisure consumption of the masses;We will strengthen government control,change current development mode of building a new city in the mountains,and combine the development of ski resorts with the plans of "global tourism" or "new rural construction";Attach importance to the development trend of ski resorts,actively invest in key equipment in ski resorts,and encourage construction of large ski resorts and development of joint (collective) management of ski resorts.

Depending on relative documentary and logical analysis,this paper aims to make research on swordsmanship's cultural heritage of Japan and South Korea,by managing the swordsmanship's cultural character of China,Japan and South Korea (including swords,sword skill,etiquette,culture and spiritual connotation).We want to reckon on the current developing dilemma of Chinese swordsmanship.The final target of this paper is to serve Chinese swordsmanship heritages consisting on cultural signals and essential characters,and pushing forward the fulfillment of development on swordsmanship's "true color",even to assist the great Chinese culture revitalization and the construction of culturally powerful nation.

By using the methods of literature review and comparison,this paper analyzes the main characteristics of the cultivation system of American student basketball players,which is embodied in the "pyramid" type of cultivation system,the hierarchical competition system combining learning with training,the periodic scientific basic training mode,and the meticulous and reasonable athletes' culture learning management regulation,seamless docking of learning and career transition mechanism,a more comprehensive organizational security system.By examining the reality of the cultivation of student basketball players in China,we find the following problems:insufficient combination of sports and education,inconsistent connection between competition and talent cultivation,insufficient integration of theory and practice based on learning and training,and imperfect system and mechanism.Based on the experience of the United States and China's national conditions,this paper reconstructs the cultivation system of Chinese student basketball players,and puts forward some enlightenment:We should build a cultivation system that integrates learning,training and competitions,form a connecting system of athletes' training process,establish a coordinated multi-level athletes' governance mechanism,and clarify and give full play to the responsibilities and roles of the participants in the cultivation system.

Using the methods of standard deviation,fender HHI index and TOP K ranking to research the competiting balance mechanism between China-USA basketball league regular games from 2008/2009 to 2003/2014 which contains five seasons.It shows that NBA has a more outstanding balance mechanism compared with CBA,and couples of index point out that NBA makes the teams more balanceable and so the outcome comes with more suspense and ornamental value which are right CBA lacking of.This paper also compares the balance mechanism building between China and the USA,from which this paper consider that CBA should learn from NBA to refine the draft system and transfer system,and to perfect the backup force cultivating system step by step,and so to promote the level of the whole CBA.

On the basis of the theory of public policy to build the policy implementation process analysis framework,application of this framework in German football policy scheme,policy implementation mechanism,policy implementation resources and policy target groups etc.are analyzed.The conclusions are drawn as follows:1) German football have the targeted policy plan,supporting policies completing,the policy implementation standards clear and detailed implementation plan;2) Policy implementation institutions and external institutional environment are adapt to the system of obvious;3) The football development have adequate funding,professional training completing,and scientific and authoritative policy;4) Low fare policy has significant effect,and target groups have high response degree,so as to create a good football atmosphere.Based on the above conclusions,we put forward the enlightenments of German football policy implementation:by the professional football league as a fundamental,strengthening macro-control policy of professional football and improving the supporting policies;based on the football club,schools supplemented by constructing the mechanism of youth football development;changing the functions of Football Association,setting up professional football league and integrating football policy implementation system;strengthening football research,enhancing the construction of human resources practitioners and optimizing the implementation of environmental policies.

Cluster development is the dominant mode of sports goods manufacturing industry, which is not only an effective way to resolve sports goods manufacturing industry crisis in reality but also is the fundamental path of transforming and upgrading the new normal sports goods manufacturing. From the viewpoint of the industry concentration, spatial Gini coefficient and location entropy metrics, the sports goods manufacturing industry in China has been developing in a cluster form in some areas, but the cluster effect remains to be promoted. So it is really necessary and urgent to explore an effective path of cluster development for sports goods manufacturing industry, especially in terms of comparing advantages and innovating characteristic model. Under the background of comprehensively deepening reform, it needs to aim at breaking through the bottleneck of multiple elements, solving the primary problems and improving the development system.

Objective:Middle school is the key period for the correct social ideas,positive attitude to communication and good social behavior formation.Through the physical education platform to promote the socialization of students is a worthy of further attention and research in the field.Method:In the context of mixed class and divided class,using the method of psychological measurement,to investigate the relationship between different organization form and social avoidance and distress.Results:Mixed class and divided class students have significant differences in the social avoidance and distress,divided class students have higher social avoidance and distress than the mixed class students.Conclusions:Mixed class organization form is more conducive to improve social communication problems;girls are more vulnerable to the impact of different form than boys;mixed class is more conducive to the improvement of female social avoidance and social distress.

Using the methods of investigation and mathematical statistics,this study explores the changing law of primary and secondary school students' interest in sports events in China.The results show that:1.Primary and Secondary School Sports Learning Interest Scale includes four categories:leisure,balls,track and field and difficult-pretty events.2.Students' interest in sports events from high to low in turn is:leisure,balls,track and field and thedifficult-pretty events.The top three sports events that students are most interested in are cycling,badminton and swimming.3.With the improvement of the learning stages,the students' interest in leisure,track and field and difficult-pretty events gradually decreased,and the interest in ball games increased gradually.4.Girls' interest in learning leisure sports and difficult-pretty events is higher than that of boys;Boys' interest in balls and track and field is higher than that of girls.5.Except balls,the interest of urban students in sports events is higher than that of rural students.6.There is a certain interaction between school,gender and urban and rural areas.

Tongbei Quan,also known as "Qijiamen",is an outstanding boxing style among the collection of ancient martial arts.As it evolves through its long history,Tongbei Quan has developed a variety of styles with rich and colorful contents.It has become a precious gem in the world of Chinese martial arts.The cultural connotation of Tongbei Quan is based on Chinese traditional philosophy.The fourth generation Tongbei Quan master Xiujianchi proposed "posture,skill and theory" which promoted the development of the theory and technique of Tongbei Quan.This brings Tongbei Quan to a new category of martial arts characterized by the unique values of the traditional culture,like enlightenment,inner practice,fostering and delight.In this article,based on literature study and investigation of the historical inheritance,we recognize that the evolution characteristics of Tongbei Quan can be divided into four stages,i.e.,the preliminary stage of "mimicking the moves",the "elder Qi and younger Qi" coexisting stage featured by aggressive style and ability to overcome the strong with soft methods,the fusion stage of "five elements and five forms",the forming stage of "posture,skill and theory",and the technique development stage known for both "tradition and competition" and "performance and fitness".In the future development of Tongbei Quan,we suggest establishing a grand vision of martial arts,promoting the standardization of moves,emphasizing on visual attraction and increasing the fitness value of Tongbei Quan.